MAXENTIUS Emperor Usurper / TEMPLE 306-312 AD. / Æ Follis Coin + COA GGcoins

Description

Emperor
“Maxentius”
Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius
Roman  Reign;  306 - 312 BC.
Æ Follis;
Size: (25.mm) / Weight: (6.2gm)
Struck;
Ostia Mint
; 309-312 AD.
Description:
A extra Nice
Roman AE
Follis struck in the time of
Roman
Usurper & Emperor MAXENTIUS
...
Obverse:  IMP C MAXENTIVS PF AVG,
laureate head right..
Reverse:
CONSERV VRB SVAE, Roma
seated left,
w/ globe & scepter; shield on ground right; hexastyle
temple;  wreath in pediment .
RBT in exergue...
Ref;   RIC 210  RBT
________________________________________________________________________
History:
Maxentius
Latin in full Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius, (died 312), Roman emperor from 306 to 312.
His father, the emperor Maximian, abdicated with Diocletian in 305. In the new tetrarchy (two augusti with
a caesar under each) that was set up after these abdications, Maxentius was passed over in favour of
Flavius Valerius Severus, who was made a caesar and then, in 306, an augustus.
But discontent with the policies of Severus at Rome caused Maxentius to be proclaimed princeps there on
October 28, 306, by the Praetorian Guard. In 307 he
became a usurper
to the title Augustus.
Maximian, recalled to the throne to support Maxentius, defeated and killed Severus in 307.
In 308, however, father and son quarreled, and Maximian sought refuge with Constantine, who had been
Maximian’s ally since Maximian married his daughter Fausta to Constantine and designated him Augustus in 307.
Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius, more commonly known as Maxentius, was the child of the
Emperor Maximianus Herculius and the Syrian Eutropia; he was born ca. 278 A.D. After Galerius' appointment
to the rank of Caesar on 1 March 293, Maxentius married Galerius' daughter Valeria Maximilla, who bore him a
son named Romulus and another son whose name is unknown.
Due to his haughty nature and bad disposition, Maxentius could seldom agree with his father or his father-in-law;
Galerius' and Maximianus Herculius' aversion to Maxentius prevented the young man from becoming a Caesar in 305.
Little else is known of Maxentius' private life prior to his accession and, although there is some evidence that it
was spent in idleness, he did become a Senator.
On 28 October 306 Maxentius was acclaimed emperor, although he was politcally astute enough not to use the
title Augustus; like the Emperor Augustus, he called himself princeps.
It was not until the summer of 307 that he started usi ng the title Augustus and started offending other claimants
to the imperial throne. He was enthroned by the plebs and the Praetorians.
At the time of his acclamation Maxentius was at a public villa on the Via Labicana. He strengthened his position
with promises of riches for those who helped him obtain his objective.
He forced his father Maximianus Herculius to affirm his son's acclamation in order to give his regime a facade of legitimacy.
His realm included Italy, Africa, Sardinia, and Corsica. As soon as Galerius learned about the acclamation of
Herculius' son, he dispatched the Emperor Severus to quell the rebellion. With the help of his father and Severus'
own troops, Maxentius' took his enemy prisoner.
When Severus died, Galerius was determined to avenge his death. In the early summer of 307 the Augustus
invaded Italy; he advanced to the south and encamped at Interamna near the Tiber. His attempt to besiege the
city was abortive because his army was not large enough to encompass the city's fortifications.
Negotiations between Maxentius and Galerius broke down when the emperor discovered that the usurper was trying
to win over his troops. Galerius' troops were open to Maxentius' promises because they were fighting a civil war
between members of the same family; some of the soldiers went over to the enemy.
Not trusting his own troops, Galerius withdrew. During its retreat, Galerius' army ravaged the Italian countryside as
it was returning to its original base. If it was not enough that Maxentius had to deal with the havoc created by the
ineffectual invasions of Severus and Galerius, he also had to deal with his father's attempts to regain the throne
between 308 and 310. When Maximianus Herculius was unable to regain power by pushing his son off his throne,
he attempted to win over Constantine to his cause.    When this plan failed, he tried to win Diocletian over to his
side at Carnuntum in October and November 308.
Frustrated at every turn, Herculius returned to his son-in-law Constantine's side in Gaul where he died in 310, having
been implicated in a plot against his son-in-law. Maxentius' control of the situation was weakened by the revolt of
L. Domitius Alexander in 308.
Although the revolt only lasted until the end of 309, it drastically cut the size of the grain supply availble for Rome,
Maxentius at first controlled Italy and Africa but not Spain, which was controlled by Constantine.
In 308 the vicar of Africa, Lucius Domitius Alexander, revolted and proclaimed himself augustus.
Africa was recovered by Maxentius’s praetorian prefect, but Maxentius was killed by Constantine at the Battle of the
Milvian Bridge in 312.    Maxentius' rule collapsed when he died on 27 October 312 in an engagement he had with
the Emperor Constantine at the Milvian Bridge after the latter had invaded his realm.
Because the sources from this period reflect the propaganda of Constantine, they represent Maxentius as a brutal tyrant,
although in actuality he stopped the persecution of the Christians.
He built a huge basilica, which Constantine renamed after himself, and a temple to his son Romulus in the Roman Forum.
Valeria Maximilla (wife)  &  Valerius Romulus (son)
Valeria Maximilla
was the daughter of the Emperor Galerius
. She married the usurper Maxentius and bore him two sons.
Only Valerius Romulus, the eldest of the two sons, born ca. 294, is known by name. Because she was an
emperor's daughter, shewas entitled nobilissima femina.
She and her husband were together before the Battle of the Milvian Bridge when she disappears from the historical record.
Her fate is unknown.
Their son Romulus was entitled clarissimus puer and, later, nobilissimus vir. He served twice as consul with his father
in 308 and in 309. He must have died in 309 because his father was sole consul in 310.
______________________________________________________________
The Coin:
A very beautiful and nicely preserved example of a late
AE
Follis coin,  it saw little use before it found a safe place
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